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Thursday, June 7, 2012

COCKFIGHTING: MORE THAN A CULTURAL TRADITION


The Candelaria 7 Cock Derby that started January 29 and will end on February 2, 2012 is a cockfighting and tourism event that had become a tradition for cockfighting aficionados worldwide. It is expected to attract more than 10,000 attendees mostly males, who had made it their yearly pilgrimage to watch the much anticipated fights, participate in the derby or simply enjoy the company of friends.

 The event which is the biggest in the region and once in the whole country, attracts the best breeders and cock fighters vying not only for the prize money but for the prestige of having won the Candelaria Cup, a much coveted prize that opens many business prospects for game fowl breeders and those employed by the industry such as handlers, feeders and knife-tiers or gaffers as they are popularly called. Having won in the Candelaria 7 Cock for breeders mean more sales of their prized fighting cocks at a higher price.

Joining the event is not only a distinction but also a badge of honor. Becoming a champion earns you the bragging rights for having bested the country's best breeders and cock fighters. But even by merely joining gives one the feeling of “having arrived”. The entry fee is a stiff P50,000.00 and the minimum bet per fight is P22,000.00. In the previous years, there was a guaranteed pot money that ran to more than P5,000,000.00 but this year, the Pit Manager, Mr. Luis Tinsay said that the Board of Directors have decided to adopt the format of “Win-as-much” of all the other big events nationwide.

Gamefowl Breeding as a major industry in Region VI.

Region VI that is comprised of the islands of Panay, Guimaras and Negros is undoubtedly the country's game fowl capital. The collective output (stags and cocks) of the region dwarfs the total output of the whole country lumped together. This is due to the early start of Ilonggos and Negrenses in bringing in quality gamefowl breeding materials from the United States which with correct breeding produced offsprings that dominated the cockpits all over the country. Even many of the winning lines developed in other regions are said to have blood originally from this region. A stag in the game fowl lingo is the male aging 8-12 months old, a bull stag is aged 12-20 months while the cock is from 21 months up.

Game fowl breeding is said to be both a science and an art. Science because the principles of genetics is applied. Breeders, both big and small look for the best breeds of their choice and acquire materials whose progeny they think would perform well in shows and in the cockpits. Shows are held regularly to find the best individuals or families that represent a particular breed. However, the final test is the cockpit where the breed should be able to win against the breed of his opponent. The art aspect of breeding is in the ability of the breeder and his men to discover the best individual in the lot so that it goes to the breeding pen to be mated with hens which hopefully would turn out more individuals that best meet their requirements. The rewards in the game fowl business comes in the form of winning many derbies and which earns the respect of other breeders and the cock fighters and will finally redound to sales of their produce.

During the worst years of the sugar industry of Negros Occ., it is said that game fowl breeding became the savior. While there was economic collapse due to the low prices of sugar, people turned to commercial breeding and supplied the booming cockfighting activities of Manila and other parts of Luzon where cockfights are held almost nightly and every night of the week. These non-stop fights demanded hundreds of thousands of game fowls which only Negros Island and Panay can produce. Being a high priced industry, game fowls have a high returns on investment, for as long as there is a ready market and that the price asked by the farmer or breeder is matched by the buyer.

A big breeder who produces and sells at least 100 stags and cocks every year would be spending about P70.00 per cock per month and if he sells the stags, aged 10 months at P3,000.00 to P10,000.00 depending on the name of the breeder and the quality of his produce,the margin would be sizable. A small breeder producing between 10 to 100 stags and cocks would be spending less per head since he often resorts to lower priced feeds. The quality would also be lower since the small breeder seldom has access to high priced breeding materials. A small breeder would sell his stags from P2,000 to P5,000.00.

Breeding is a major livelihood of coastal communities south of Iloilo City and in many of the municipalities of the province of Iloilo. Insiders estimate the total output of Iloilo and Panay alone at about 500,000 annually while Negros would produce between 2 to 3 million stags. The majority of these fowls are sold to Luzon buyers. Local airlines say that their daily cargo includes boxes of these game fowls shipped nationwide and some of them for transhipment to other Asian countries like Malaysia and Indonesia.

Veterinary companies too have joined the band wagon of the game fowl industry. Since game fowls have special diet requirements, specialized feeds had been formulated and sold exclusively for them. So too are the vitamins and other support veterinaries like antibiotics. Products for this specialized market is often priced higher.

The average farmers are also participating in the industry by producing more grains and feeds. A major portion of the native yellow corn goes to the game fowl feed market. Game fowl breeders and feeders have preference for the small seeded hard flint yellow corn produced by local Ilonggo farmers and these are priced a few pesos higher than the ordinary yellow hybrid corn . Many legumes are also being produced since the game fowls are fed with a special grain mix which includes several types of legumes and several types of grains.

Cockfighting as a tradition and part of the Filipino culture:

Cockfighting as a pastime is deeply ingrained in the Filipino culture. Long before the Chinese and the Spanish came, Filipinos already engaged in the pastime as a Sunday activity. Even then, the cocks were tied with knives so that they kill each other faster. It follows that even those times which date back to the 12th century or even earlier, game fowls were already selectively bred. In the early 1950s, there were already regional breeds like the Malaking Pulo of the Southern Luzon Area and the Visayan reds and greys. It was only in the early 1960s when the first of the American breeds came into the country. While many in Luzon bred those fowls, it was in Iloilo and Negros where the first of these were mass produced and where genetics as a science was used.

It was also in the 1960s when the first of the American cockfighters like Duke Hulsey visited and brought in their superior breeds. Others like Richard Bates came later and their entry brought in more science into the game. Duke Hulsey came and stayed for a few years handling many roosters for the famous cockfighters of the time and in the process imparted modern techniques that greatly improved the skill of the locals. Mike Ratliff, another American who opened the first and only cockfighting school in the US also came and taught Filipinos, especially Negrenses in the art of breeding and handling roosters. These and other Americans who came have helped sped up the growth of the game fowl industry which is now dominated by Filipinos worldwide.

Ilonggos and Negrenses as major players in the Cockfighting World:

It can be said that Ilonggos and Negrenses are major players in the cocking world. The biggest federation of game fowl breeders in the country, the National Federation of Gamefowl Breeders is led by an Ilonggo, Mr. Ricardo “Ricoy” Palmares, Jr. Under his leadership, the once divisive association of gamefowl breeders have united and federated to evolve national competition for the different classes of gamefowls starting with stags and ending with cocks. With the evolution also came the large prizes never before offered in the history of the game. The 2011 Bakbakan had offered the largest pot so far of about P30,000,000.00 in total prices. Not only did the federation evolve in terms of the prizes and the scale, it also improved the quality of game fowls being fought in the various parts of the country.

Negrenses are also major players in the industry. It is in Negros Island where large farms producing thousands each are found. The game fowl breeding industry is in fact second to the sugar industry where many of the sugar farms also engage in the business as a diversification and support strategy since the off period of their workers can be utilized in producing gamefowls for the Manila and Luzon markets.

Expert or skilled game fowl workers are also in demand in other areas of the country. Nationwide one would immediately spot an Ilonggo handler or knife-man by the unique slow-paced accent that only Ilonggos are known for. Many breeders outside of Iloilo would advertize for farm workers and handlers because of our familiarity with handling and breeding champion fowls. Thus, these artisans not only give way to a new crop of handlers but also bring in much needed money for the families they leave behind.

Some of the famous breeds that dominated the country's arenas also originated in the region. In the 1980s to early 1990s, the so called Zamboanga White bred by Boy Primallon who himself is an Ilonggo dominated the Manila cockpits. It is claimed that a parent of the White breed came from the farm of Mr. Kiko Palmares of PassiCity. Mr. Eddie boy Ledesma who inherited the famous lines of his uncle, the late Mayor Nonoy Jalandoni is famous for his “Hulsey Left In” line. This much coveted blood which can sell for about P250,000.00 is difficult to acquire. It is said that even at ¼ or 1/8 dilution, one would be able to breed outstanding aces that can win in any pit nationwide..

So are the lines bred by brothers Ricoy and Mayor Jesry Palmares of Passi City. In the 2009-2010 seasons, their greys which they and their cousin Fred bred, dominated the major cockpits and with Fred earnong the much coveted “Breeder of the Year” cup of the Panay Gamefowl Breeders' Association (PAGBA).

Candelaria 7 Cock Derby as Focal Point:

The Iloilo Coliseum is probably one of the most famous landmarks in Philippine cockfighting. It is said that winning a championship in the said event is a major milestone in the life of a breeder and cockfighter. Breeders like Mr. Rafael Nene Abello who is famous for his Sweaters and Mr. Johnny Jalandoni who is equally famous for his Lemon-84 tinted breeds have already etched their names in the history of the Iloilo Coliseum. Small breeders like Dr. Pepe Sullano, Dr. Rex Muyco and their team have likewise fought and proved that even small teams like theirs have the right fowls to get them a share of the Championship. Others are now trying their best to get their names into the annals of the Coliseum's history. But definitely, the road to glory as champion of the Candelaria is hard and arduous. However, there is that assurance that there will be fairness all the way. Mr. Luis Chito Tinsay will be there to insure it.

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